PEOPLE LEFT BEHIND: TRANSITIONS OF THE RURAL POOR

Compared to their urban counterparts, the rural poor are more likely to be employed, more apt to be members of married-couple families, less likely to be children, less likely to be minority, and more likely to have assets but a negative income. This paper examines poverty rates and factors that affect mobility in and out of poverty among major categories of the rural poor. Particular attention is paid to farm workers and the rural farm population in the South. It endeavors to identify both structural conditions that perpetuate rural poverty and government interventions that ameliorate human suffering and break the cycle of poverty reproduction.Community/Rural/Urban Development,

Effects of Multiple Scattering in Cold Nuclear Matter on J/psi Suppression and <p_T^2> in Heavy Ion Collisions

Coherent multiple scatterings of c and cbar quark pairs in the environment of heavy ion collisions have been used in a previous work by Qiu et al. [Qiu:1998rz] to study J/psi suppression. That model suggests that heavy quark re-scatterings in a cold nuclear medium can completely explain the centrality dependence of the observed J/psi suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at the SPS [Abreu:2001kd]. Their calculations also revealed significant differences under the assumptions of a color singlet or color octet production mechanism. A more recent analytic calculation [Fujii:2003fq], which includes incoherent final-state re-scatterings with explicit momentum transfer fluctuations in three dimensions, indicates much less suppression and little sensitivity to the production mechanism. In this article, we study simultaneously both the J/psi suppression and p_T modifications, at SPS and RHIC energies. We mainly focus on incoherent momentum transfer fluctuations in two dimensions, which is more appropriate for the heavy-ion collision kinematics. Our analytic and Monte-Carlo calculations reinforce the analytic results in [Fujii:2003fq]. Additionally, we find that the experimental J/psi suppression and from nucleus-nucleus collisions at the SPS or RHIC cannot simultaneously be described in this incoherent multiple scattering framework for any value of the fluctuation strength parameter .Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, submitted for publication; v2:10 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B Added comparison with SPS p+A dat

ATTITUDES TOWARD GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT IN AGRICULTURE: RESULTS OF A NATIONAL SURVEY

This study reports results from a nationwide survey of public attitudes toward agriculture. The study focuses on attitudes toward government involvement in agriculture across regions of the county and residential categories.Political Economy,

Process benchmarking in the fruit and vegetable supply chain

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an international process benchmarking and to compile models of best practice business processes. The results of our international process benchmarking study allowed us to develop a framework, comprising three models, for better meeting customers’ needs. The first model presents how to understand and meet customers’ needs generally. The second model comprises those operations, work practices and business processes, which are essential in meeting customers’ needs. The third model (organisation designing model) helps the company to check, whether or not the operations, work practises and business processes of the second model can be found in and applied to the company.process benchmarking, customers’ needs, business processes, organisation designing model, Agribusiness,

A generalization of the injectivity condition for Projected Entangled Pair States

We introduce a family of tensor network states that we term semi-injective Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS). They extend the class of injective PEPS and include other states, like the ground states of the AKLT and the CZX models in square lattices. We construct parent Hamiltonians for which semi-injective PEPS are unique ground states. We also determine the necessary and sufficient conditions for two tensors to generate the same family of such states in two spatial dimensions. Using this result, we show that the third cohomology labeling of Symmetry Protected Topological phases extends to semi-injective PEPS.Comment: 63 page

Classification of Matrix Product States with a Local (Gauge) Symmetry

Matrix Product States (MPS) are a particular type of one dimensional tensor network states, that have been applied to the study of numerous quantum many body problems. One of their key features is the possibility to describe and encode symmetries on the level of a single building block (tensor), and hence they provide a natural playground for the study of symmetric systems. In particular, recent works have proposed to use MPS (and higher dimensional tensor networks) for the study of systems with local symmetry that appear in the context of gauge theories. In this work we classify MPS which exhibit local invariance under arbitrary gauge groups. We study the respective tensors and their structure, revealing known constructions that follow known gauging procedures, as well as different, other types of possible gauge invariant states

Comparison of musculoskeletal networks of the primate forelimb

Anatomical network analysis is a framework for quantitatively characterizing the topological organization of anatomical structures, thus providing a way to compare structural integration and modularity among species. Here we apply this approach to study the macroevolution of the forelimb in primates, a structure whose proportions and functions vary widely within this group. We analyzed musculoskeletal network models in 22 genera, including members of all major extant primate groups and three outgroup taxa, after an extensive literature survey and dissections. The modules of the proximal limb are largely similar among taxa, but those of the distal limb show substantial variation. Some network parameters are similar within phylogenetic groups (e.g., non-primates, strepsirrhines, New World monkeys, and hominoids). Reorganization of the modules in the hominoid hand compared to other primates may relate to functional changes such as coordination of individual digit movements, increased pronation/supination, and knuckle-walking. Surprisingly, humans are one of the few taxa we studied in which the thumb musculoskeletal structures do not form an independent anatomical module. This difference may be caused by the loss in humans of some intrinsic muscles associated with the digits or the acquisition of additional muscles that integrate the thumb more closely with surrounding structures

Electron Scattering in AlGaN/GaN Structures

We present data on mobility lifetime, $\tau_t$, quantum lifetime, $\tau_q$, and cyclotron resonance lifetime, $\tau_{CR}$, of a sequence of high-mobility two-dimensional electron gases in the AlGaN/GaN system, covering a density range of $\sim1-4.5\times10^{12}$cm$^{-2}$. We observe a large discrepancy between $\tau_q$ and $\tau_{CR}$ ($\tau_q\sim\tau_{CR}$/6) and explain it as the result of density fluctuations of only a few percent. Therefore, only $\tau_{CR}$ --and not $\tau_q$ -- is a reliable measure of the time between electron scattering events in these specimens. The ratio $\tau_t / \tau_{CR}$ increases with increasing density in this series of samples, but scattering over this density range remains predominantly in the large-angle scattering regime